Picture this: your goods are packed, the invoice is ready and the courier is waiting. Then customs stops the shipment because of a missing EORI number.
If you import, export or sell products across borders, this small identifier matters a lot. This guide explains what it is, who needs one and how to get it in 2026, in plain English.
What Is an EORI Number? The 30-Second Answer
EORI stands for Economic Operators Registration and Identification. It is a unique ID that customs authorities use to recognise businesses that move goods across borders.
Think of it as a customs passport for your business. Every import and export declaration is linked to it, which helps authorities track and process shipments faster. Without it, customs may be unable to process your declarations at all.
Only customs authorities can issue an EORI number. No private company can create one for you, although some services can help you apply.
What Does an EORI Number Look Like?
The format depends on where it was issued:
- GB EORI: “GB” followed by 12 digits, for example GB123456789000
- XI EORI: starts with “XI” and is used for Northern Ireland trade
- EU EORI: starts with the two-letter code of the issuing member state
Do You Need One? A Quick Reality Check
If your business moves goods across a border, you probably do. You will likely need one if you:
- Import goods from overseas suppliers
- Export products to customers abroad
- Sell online and ship internationally
- Use a customs broker, courier or freight forwarder
- Send stock to warehouses or fulfilment centres abroad
For example, a small online store shipping products from the UK to customers in Germany may need one so couriers can complete customs declarations.
Many couriers and brokers ask for your number before clearing a parcel. Without one, shipments can be delayed, held at the port or even returned.
Who Can Skip It?
Not every business needs one. Companies that only provide services and never move goods across borders usually don’t. It is also worth checking first, as some VAT-registered businesses already hold one.
GB, XI or EU? Pick the Right EORI Number Fast
Brexit split EORI numbers into separate systems. Here is a quick comparison:
| Type | Starts with | Use it for |
|---|---|---|
| GB EORI | GB | Moving goods between Great Britain and other countries |
| XI EORI | XI | Moving goods to or from Northern Ireland |
| EU EORI | Country code (e.g. DE, FR) | Customs declarations within the EU |
A few things to remember:
- You need a GB EORI before you can get an XI EORI.
- An EU EORI is valid across all EU member states, so you do not need one per country.
- Trading with both the UK and the EU? You may need a GB and an EU number.
Get Your EORI Number in 5 Simple Steps
Applying is simpler than it sounds. The EORI number process follows the same basic path in most countries.
- Check if you already have one. Use HMRC’s checker for GB numbers or the European Commission’s EORI validation tool for EU numbers.
- Choose your region. Decide whether you need a GB, XI or EU EORI based on where you trade and where your goods move.
- Gather your company details. Have your registration number, company name, address and VAT number (if applicable) ready. UK applicants may also need details such as a UTR and a Government Gateway login.
- Submit your application. In the UK, apply through GOV.UK. In the EU, apply to the customs authority of the member state where your business is established.
- Save your number. Once issued, store it safely and share it with your courier or customs broker.
How Long Does It Take?
In the UK, an EORI number is usually issued immediately, or within about five working days if HMRC runs extra checks. EU timelines vary by country.
How Much Does It Cost?
Applying directly with a customs authority, such as HMRC in the UK, is free.
DIY or Done-for-You? Choose the Smarter Route
Both routes lead to the same result, so the right choice depends on your time and setup.
- DIY: Free and fully in your control, but you must understand each authority’s forms, language and requirements.
- Done-for-you: An intermediary prepares and submits the application for you, which can save time, especially for multi-country applications.
EORI.services is one such independent intermediary. It collects your details, prepares the application and submits it to the relevant customs authority on your behalf, covering the 27 EU countries and the UK.
It is not a government body and does not issue EORI numbers. It charges a service fee, so compare the cost with the time you would save. No route can guarantee approval, as only customs authorities make that decision.
4 EORI Mistakes That Can Hold Up Your Shipment
A small error can cost days. Avoid these common slip-ups:
- Applying in the wrong place. Apply where your business is established, not where your supplier or customer is based.
- Mixing up GB, XI and EU numbers. Each works in a different customs territory, so using the wrong one can cause clearance problems.
- Typing errors in company details. Names or registration numbers that do not match official records can delay approval.
- Confusing EORI with VAT. A VAT number is for tax. An EORI number identifies you to customs.
Your Quick EORI Checklist Before You Ship
- ✔ I know which region I need (GB, XI or EU)
- ✔ I checked whether I already have one
- ✔ My company details are ready
- ✔ I applied via the right authority or a trusted intermediary
- ✔ I shared my number with my courier or broker
Final Thoughts: Get Ahead of Customs
Getting your EORI number early keeps your shipments moving and your customers happy. Check what you need, apply through the right channel and keep your details accurate.
This guide is for general information only. Always confirm requirements with the relevant customs authority before applying.
EORI Number FAQs: Quick Answers
1. Is an EORI number free?
Applying directly with customs authorities such as HMRC is free. Third-party services charge a fee for handling the application.
2. How long does it take to get an EORI number?
In the UK it is usually issued immediately, or within about five working days if extra checks are needed. EU timelines vary by country.
3. What is the difference between an EORI number and a VAT number?
A VAT number is used for tax registration. An EORI number identifies your business to customs for moving goods across borders.
4. Do I need a separate EORI number for each EU country?
No. An EU EORI number is valid across all EU member states. You need separate numbers only for the UK (GB) and Northern Ireland (XI).
5. How can I check if an EORI number is valid?
Use the European Commission’s validation tool for EU numbers, or HMRC’s check service for GB numbers.
6. What happens if I ship goods without an EORI number?
Your shipment can be delayed, held at the port or even returned. This may also lead to extra storage and admin costs.
7. Can I apply for an EORI number myself, or do I need an agent?
You can apply yourself directly with the relevant customs authority, and the official route is free. An independent intermediary is optional and only handles the paperwork for you.
8. Can I use my GB EORI number for EU customs declarations?
Not usually. A GB EORI covers trade with Great Britain, so if you also trade with the EU, you may need an EU EORI number as well.
